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"敖童"只见于睡虎地秦简和岳麓书院藏秦简,具有一定的时效性和地域性。敖童大多从事厮役性工作,地位低于普通百姓。秦及汉初,"大、小"用来区分成年人与未成年人,一般以15岁为界;并非15岁以上的成年人就必须傅籍,秦及汉初普通百姓傅籍年龄是17岁。但秦汉时期对傅籍的年龄规定根据身份不同而变化,身份越低的人傅籍越早。秦汉社会处于转型时期,一些语词、条文的内涵会出现变化,而国家制度、文化典籍对这些变化的反映和体现相对滞后,社会身份体系及相关制度比语词、条文的内涵要稳定得多。
Abstract："Aotong" were only seen in Shuihudi Qin Slips and Yuelu Academy Qin Slips, which was used in a short time and only some areas. Most of Aotong were engaged in servile work and their position was lower than ordinary people. In Qin dynasty and the early of Han dynasty, da(大)and Xiao(小)were used to describe adults and minors. Normally, the adults were divided from the minors when they were 15 years old. However, it does not mean the adults must be registered when they were over 15. They would be registered at 17 years old in Qin dynasty and early Han dynasty. During the Qin and Han Dynasties,the age was changed according to the identity. The lower the identity is, the earlier they were registered.The connotation of some words and articles would change. The government's system and cultural classics could reflect those changes but appeared later than them, while the social identity system and some related institutions were much more stable than the meaning of words and articles.
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(1)Robin D.S.Yates教授提出了富有启发性的意见,他认为“率敖”为里典的话,可能意味着“敖童”也与里典有关,是里典的随从人员,辅佐里典工作。但睡虎地秦简就一条“率敖”的史料,“敖童”的构词结构与“率敖”不同,很难断定“敖童”与“里典”有关。受其启发,“率敖”是否可释为游荡的统率,意味着里典的工作性质是到处巡查?
(1)简277释文:二纟生纟之徸,霝(灵)光结巾首。参见湖北省荆沙铁路考古队《包山楚简》,文物出版社1991年版,第39页。
(1)Barbieri-Low,Artisans in Early Imperial China,Seattle:University of Washington Press,2007;转引自Anthony J.Barbieri-Low,Robin D.S.Yates,Law,State,and Society in Early Imperial China:A Study with Cirtical Edition and Translation of the Legal Texts from Zhangjiashan Tomb no.247,Brill,834。
基本信息:
DOI：10.13573/j.cnki.sjzxyxb.2018.02.003
中图分类号:K877.5
引用信息:
[1]文霞.秦简所见“敖童”再探[J].石家庄学院学报,2018,20(02):11-15.DOI:10.13573/j.cnki.sjzxyxb.2018.02.003.
基金信息:
广东省高校创新强校工程2015年特色创新项目“简牍资料所见秦汉家庭结构的变迁”(2015WTSCX081);; 国家留学基金委项目资助项目
2018-03-20
2018-03-20